View source for Vivian family of Swansea

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[[File:Coat of arms of Vivian, Barons Swansea.png|230px]]<br/>
<small>''Arms of the Barons Swansea since 1893''</small><br/></center>
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<strong>Blazon&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong>

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'''''Shield''''': Or, on a chevron azure between three lions' heads erased Proper, as many annulets Gold ; on a chief embattled Gules a wreath of oak Or between two martlets Argent.

'''''Crests''''': ''1st'', a lion's head erased proper charged with two bezants palewise and gorged with a collar Gules, thereon three annulets, Or with a chain of the last ; ''2nd'' Issuant from a bridge of one arch embattled and having at each end a tower Proper, a demi-hussar in the uniform of the 18th regiment, holding in his right hand a sabre and in his left a red pennon flying to the sinister.

'''''Supporters''''': ''Dexter'': A dragon wings elevated Gules gorged with a collar Or charged with three torteaux; ''Sinister'': A horse Argent, saddle and bridle Proper, trappings Gules, gorged with a collar Sable charged with three bezants.

'''''Motto''''': ''Vive Anima Dei'' (Live by the Spirit of God)</span>

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{|class="wikitable" style="float:right"
|[[File:John Henry Vivian, Ferrara Square, Swansea, Wales.JPG|center|120px]]
|[[File:Henry Hussey Vivian statue, Swansea 20190925 173355 (48793724068).jpg|center|120px]]
|- style="text-align:center"
|''John Henry Vivian''
|''Henry Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Swansea''
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The Vivians were industrialists, originally from Cornwall, who owned and managed major copperworks in South Wales and played a significant part in the development of {{wpl|Swansea|Swansea}}.

The family's involvement in Swansea began with the arrival of {{wpl|John Vivian (1750–1826)|'''John Vivian'''}} (1750-1826) in 1800 to become managing partner in copperworks at {{wpl|Penclawdd|Penclawdd}} and {{wpl|Loughor|Loughor}}. By the end of the decade the family was buying land at the Hafod in Swansea to set up their own copper business, {{wpl|Vivian & Sons|Vivian & Sons}}.

John's eldest son, {{wpl|Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Vivian|'''Sir Hussey Vivian'''}} (1775-1842), who became 1st Baron Vivian in 1841, was already embarked on an illustrious military career by the time of the move to Swansea, and it was the second son, {{wpl|John Henry Vivian|'''John Henry Vivian'''}} (1785-1855), who carried on the family businesses in Swansea and elsewhere. In addition to his industrial activities, John Henry served as MP for Swansea District, was a Justice of the Peace and Deputy Lieutenant of Glamorgan(?). In 1817 he bought a house called Marino to the west of Swansea, had it greatly expanded and re-modelled, and eventually renamed it {{wpl|Singleton Abbey|Singleton Abbey}}. It is now the administration building of {{wpl|Swansea University|Swansea University}}.

John Henry was succeeded in his South Wales business interests by his sons, led by the eldest, {{wpl|Henry Vivian, 1st Baron Swansea|'''Henry Hussey Vivian'''}} (1821-1894), who also served in Parliament and was created 1st Baron Swansea in 1893, the year before his death. John Henry's second son was '''(William) Graham Vivian'''. In 1860 he bought Woodlands Castle, which he later renamed Clyne Castle, and greatly increased his wealth and the size of his estate over the next 52 years. Another son, Arthur, was also involved in the business and was an MP. John Henry's fourth son, {{wpl|Glynn Vivian|'''(Richard) Glynn Vivian'''}}, devoted himself to art collecting and philanthropy. He founded Swansea's {{wpl|Glynn Vivian Art Gallery|Glynn Vivian Art Gallery}} and bought {{wpl|Sketty Hall|Sketty Hall}} (north of Singleton Abbey) in 1898.

The youngest of John Henry and Sarah's five daughters, '''Dulcie Charlotte Vivian''', inherited Clyne Castle from her brother Graham but died unmarried five years later. In accordance with Graham's will, Clyne then passed to Admiral {{wpl|Algernon Walker-Heneage-Vivian|'''Algernon Walker-Heneage-Vivian}}, a younger son of John Henry's second-youngest daughter Henrietta. In accordance with Graham's will, "the Admiral", as he was known locally, added Vivian to his surname and sought and received a royal licence to bear the Vivian arms along with his paternal ones.

==Heraldry==

[[File:Coat of arms of John Henry Vivian (1785-1855).png|thumb|left|150px|caption|<center><small>''Arms of John Henry Vivian from 1827''</small></center>]]
John Vivian, who started the Vivian family's involvement in Swansea, assumed (probably correctly) that he was descended from the Vivians of Trewan Hall, St.Columb, Cornwall, and used their arms: ''Or, a chevron Azure and a chief Gules''. This was also used by his sons and can be seen in various locations at Singleton Abbey.

In 1827 John's eldest son, Lt.Gen. Richard Hussey Vivian, was offered a baronetcy, and it was required at the time that a baronet has a coat of arms officially recorded at the College of Arms in London. However, Gen. Vivian was unable to prove his descent from the Vivians of St.Columb to the satisfaction of the college because of "loss of family evidences" and so was granted new arms which were based on the older Vivian ones but with alterations and additions pertaining to his military achievements. The additions included two medals, one which he had been awarded for his services at the battles of Sahagun and Benevente (1808), the other for his services at the Battle of Waterloo (1815).

Normally a grant of arms is made to the grantee and his legitimate male-line descendants, but sometimes a grant is "backdated" to include the descendents of the grantee's father or, more rarely, grandfather. This was done in this case, but the granted stipulated that the arms to be borne by the younger brothers and their descendants should be slightly different, with martlets (birds with no visible legs) replacing the medals, and with an alteration to the crest as well. This variation in the same grant is highly unusual, possibly unique. The grant was made on 20th December 1827 and Richard Hussey Vivian received his baronetcy on 19th January 1828.

On 25th November 1893, Henry Hussey Vivian, who had recently been enobled as Baron Swansea, was granted an additional crest which he bore alongside the slightly altered crest of his uncle. This crest - a collared lion's head - was based on that of the Vivians of St.Columb but with the addition of two bezants (gold roundels).

===Arms of family members===
<Gallery widths="120px" heights="180px">
Escutcheon of the Vivians of St.Columb, Cornwall.png | <center> Vivian, of St.Columb, Cornwall
Escutcheon of John and Betsy Vivian.png | <center> John Vivian (1750-1826) and Betsy Vivian née Cranch (d.1816)
Escutcheon of the Barons Vivian.png | <center> Lt.Gen. Sir Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Vivian (1775-1842)<br>Armed granted 1827
Escutcheon of the Vivians of Swansea.png | <center> Vivians, of Swansea<br>Arms granted 1827
Escutcheon of John Henry and Sarah Vivian.png | <center> John Henry Vivian (1785-1855) and Sarah Vivian née Jones (d.1886)
Escutcheon of Henry Hussey and Jessie Dalrymple Vivian.png | <center> Henry Hussey Vivian and his first wife, Jessie Dalrymple née Goddard
Escutcheon of Henry Hussey and Flora Caroline Vivian.png | <center> Henry Hussey Vivian and his second wife Flora Caroline née Cholmeley
Coat of arms of Algernon Walker-Heneage-Vivian (1871-1952).png| <center> Adm. Algernon Walker-Heneage-Vivian (1871-1952)
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==Arms on display==
In Swansea, there are numerous occurrences of Vivian arms in their old home of Singleton Abbey (now part of Swansea University) and in nearby St.Paul's Church, Sketty, which they had built in memory of Henry Hussey Vivian's first wife, Jessie.
<Gallery  widths="120px" heights="180px">
vivian-crest-singleton.png | <center> Crest above the door of Singleton Abbey, former home of the Vivians, now part of Swansea University
vivian-original-singleton.png | <center> The original Vivian arms, held by an angel, at Singleton Abbey
vivian-jh-singleton.png | <center> Arms of John Henry Vivian, held by an angel, at Singleton Abbey
vivian-jones-singleton.png | <center> Arms of John Henry Vivian impaled with those of his wife Sarah (née Jones), at Singleton Abbey
Arms of John Henry Vivian and his wife Sarah (née Jones).png | <center> Arms of John Henry Vivian and his wife Sarah (née Jones), St.Paul's Church, Sketty, Swansea
Arms of Henry Hussey Vivian impaling his first two wives, Sketty Church.png | <center> Henry Hussey Vivian (during his father's lifetime) and his first two wives, St.Paul's Church, Sketty
Funerary hatchment for John Henry Vivian.png | <center> Funerary hatchment for John Henry Vivian, St.Paul's Church, Sketty
Vivian-arms-swansea-guildhall.png | <center> The arms in Swansea Guildhall
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==Genealogy==
{{sc|John Vivian}} (1750-1826) marrried (-) {{sc|Betsy Cranch}} (c.1755-1816). Issue:
# Sir {{sc|(Richard) Hussey Vivian}}, 1st {{sc|Baron Vivian}} (1775-1842), married<sup>1</sup> (1804) {{sc|Eliza Champion de Crespigny}} (d.1831); married<sup>2</sup> (1833) {{sc|Letitia Webster}} (d.1885) and had issue -> ''[[Vivian family of Glynn and Truro|Vivians of Glynn and Truro]]''
# {{sc|John Henry Vivian}} (1785-1855) married (1816) {{sc|Sarah Jones}} (d.1886 ). Issue:
## {{sc|Betsy Sarah Vivian}} (1817-1895), married (1840) Sir {{sc|William Gibson-Graig}}, Bt (1797-1878) and had issue ->
## Sir {{sc|Henry Hussey Vivian}}, 1st {{sc|Baron Swansea}} (1821-1894), married<sup>1</sup> (1847) {{sc|Jessie Dalrymple Goddard}} (1825-1848); married<sup>2</sup> (1852) {{sc|Flora Caroline  Elizabeth Cholmeley}} (1832-1868); married<sup>3</sup> (1870) {{sc|Averil Beaumont}} (d.1934). Issue:
###<sup>1</sup> {{sc|Ernest Ambrose Vivian}}, 2nd {{sc|Baron Swansea}} (1848–1922).
###<sup>2</sup> Hon. {{sc|John Aubrey Vivian}} (1854-1898).
###<sup>3</sup> Hon. {{sc|Henry Hussey Vivian}} (1873-1898).
###<sup>3</sup> {{sc|Odo Richard Vivian}}, 3rd {{sc|Baron Swansea}} (1875-1934) married (1906) {{sc|Winifred Hamilton}} (d.1944). Issue:
#### {{sc|John Hussey Hamilton Vivian}}, 4th {{sc|Baron Swansea}} (1925-2005), married<sup>1</sup> (1956, dissolved 1973) {{sc|Miriam Antoinette Caccia-Birch}}; married<sup>2</sup> (1982) {{sc|Lucy Temple-Richards}} (née {{sc|Gough}}). Issue:
#####<sup>1</sup> {{sc|Richard Anthony Hussey Vivian}}, 5th {{sc|Baron Swansea}} (b.1957), married (1996) {{sc|Anna Clementine Brooking Austin}}. Issue:
###### Hon. {{sc|James Henry Hussey Vivian}} (b.1999).
###### Hon. {{sc|Emma Averil Mary Vivian}} (b.2001).
#####<sup>1</sup> Hon. {{sc|Amanda Ursula Georgina Vivian}} (b.1958), married (1985) {{sc|Hugh William Lowther}}, and has issue ->
#####<sup>1</sup> Hon. {{sc|Luisa Caroline Sarah Vivian}} (b.1963), married (1990) {{sc|Paul David Vincent}}, and has issue ->
#### Hon. {{sc|Averil Vivian}} (b.1930), married (1953) {{sc|Alexander William Houston}}, and has issue ->
## {{sc|(William) Graham Vivian}} (1827- )
## {{sc|Arthur Pendarves Vivian}} (1834- ), married (1867) Lady {{sc|Augusta Emily Wyndham-Quin}}. Issue:
### {{sc|Henry Wyndham Vivian}} (1868- )
### {{sc|Gerald William Vivian}} (1869- )
## {{sc|(Richard) Glynn Vivian}} (1835-1910), married (1885, divorced 1891) {{sc|Laura Hermione Beatrice Halkett}}.
## {{sc|Caroline Gertrude Walker Vivian}} (1829-1893) married (1848) {{sc|William Jones Loyd}} (d.1885)
## {{sc|Henrietta Letitia Victoria Vivian}} (1837-1919), married (1865) Major {{sc|Clement Walker Heneage, vc}}
### son 1
### son 2
### Adm. {{sc|Algernon Walker-Heneage-Vivian}} (1871-1952)
## {{sc|Dulcie Charlotte Vivian}} (1839-1921)
# {{sc|Thomas Vivian}} (1800-1821)

==Sources==
<small>
* Burke, Sir Bernard. ''[Burke's general armory] : The General armory of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales''. London : Harrison, 1884.

* Burke, Sir Bernard. ''[Burke's landed gentry] : A genealogical and heraldic dictionary of the landed gentry''. Part 1. 4th edition. London : Harrison, 1862.

* ''Debrett's Peerage, Baronetage, Knightage and Companionage''. London : Dean & Son Ltd., 1903.

* Griffiths, Ralph A. ''Clyne Castle, Swansea : a history of the building and its owners''. Swansea : University College of Swansea, 1977. ISBN 0860760014

* Jones, Anthony L. ''Heraldry in Glamorgan. Volume 22''. [2001?]

* Morris, Bernard. ''The houses of Singleton : a Swansea landscape and its history''. [Swansea] : West Glamorgan Archive Service, 1995. ISBN 0952178338
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[[Category: Swansea and Gower]]
[[Category: Vivian family]]